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58. Ian Ayres, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking in Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart (New York: Bantam Books, 2007), p. 117.
59. “Peter Thiel’s Graph of the Year,” Washington Post (Wonkblog), December 30, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/12/30/peter-thiels-graph-of-the-year/.
60. Paul Beaudry, David A. Green, and Benjamin M. Sand, “The Great Reversal in the Demand for Skill and Cognitive Tasks,” Національне бюро економічних досліджень, робочий документ No. 18901, виданий в березні 2013 року, http://www.nber.org/papers/w18901.
61. Hal Salzman, Daniel Kuehn, and B. Lindsay Lowell, “Guestworkers in the High-Skill U.S. Labor Market,” Economic Policy Institute, April 24, 2013, http://www.epi.org/publication/bp359-guestworkers-high-skill-labor-market-analysis/.
62. Цитату наведено зі статті Michael Fitzpatrick, “Computers Jump to the Head of the Class,” New York Times, December 29, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/30/world/asia/computers-jump-to-the-head-of-the-class.html.
Розділ 5
1. Цю петицію можна подивитися на http://humanreaders.org/petition/.
2. Бюлетень новин Акронського університету: “Man and Machine: Better Writers, Better Grades,” April 12, 2012, http://www.uakron.edu/education/about-the-college/news-details.dot?newsId=40920394–9e62–415d-b038–15fe2e72a677&pageTitle=Recent%20Headlines&crumbTitle=Man%20and%20%20machine:%20Better%20writers,%20better%20grades.
3. Ry Rivard, “Humans Fight over Robo-Readers,” Inside Higher Ed, March 15, 2013, http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/03/15/professors-odds-machine-graded-essays.
4. John Markoff, “Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break,” New York Times, April 4, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/05/science/new-test-for-computers-grading-essays-at-college-level.html.
5. John Markoff, “Virtual and Artificial, but 58,000 Want Course,” New York Times, August 15, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/16/science/16stanford.html?_r=0.
6. Історію про курси штучного інтелекту при Стенфордському університеті взято з робіт Max Chafkin, “Udacity’s Sebastian Thrun, Godfather of Free Online Education, Changes Course,” Fast Company, December 2013/January 2014, http://www.fastcompany.com/3021473/udacity-sebastian-thrun-uphill-climb; Jeffrey J. Selingo, College Unbound: The Future of Higher Education and What It Means for Students (New York: New Harvest, 2013), pp. 86–101; and Felix Salmon, “Udacity and the Future of Online Universities” (Reuters blog), January 23, 2012, http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2012/01/23/udacity-and-the-future-of-online-universities/.
7. “Revolution Hits the Universities,” New York Times, January 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/27/opinion/sunday/friedman-revolution-hits-the-universities.html.
8. Прес-реліз аспірантури Пенсильванського університету “Penn GSE Study Shows MOOCs Have Relatively Few Active Users, with Only a Few Persisting to Course End,” December 5, 2013, http://www.gse.upenn.edu/pressroom/press-releases/2013/12/penn-gse-study-shows-moocs-have-relatively-few-active-users-only-few-persisti.
9. Tamar Lewin, “After Setbacks, Online Courses Are Rethought,” New York Times, December 10, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/11/us/after-setbacks-online-courses-are-rethought.html.
10. Alexandra Tilsley, “Paying for an A,” Inside Higher Ed, September 21, 2012, http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/09/21/sites-offering-take-courses-fee-pose-risk-online-ed.
11. Jeffrey R. Young, “Dozens of Plagiarism Incidents Are Reported in Coursera’s Free Online Courses,” Chronicle of Higher Education, August 16, 2012, http://chronicle.com/article/Dozens-of-Plagiarism-Incidents/133697/.
12. MOOCs and Security” (MIT Geospacial Data Center blog), October 9, 2012, http://cybersecurity.mit.edu/2012/10/moocs-and-security/.
13. Steve Kolowich, “Doubts About MOOCs Continue to Rise, Survey Finds,” Chronicle of Higher Education, January 15, 2014, http://chronicle.com/article/Doubts-About-MOOCs-Continue-to/144007/.
14. Jeffrey J. Selingo, College Unbound, p. 4.
15. Michelle Jamrisko and Ilan Kole, “College Costs Surge 500 % in U.S. Since 1985: Chart of the Day,” Bloomberg Personal Finance, August 26, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013–08–26/college-costs-surge-500-in-u-s-since-1985-chart-of-the-day.html.
16. Про студентські позики читайте в роботі Rohit Chopra, “Student Debt Swells, Federal Loans Now Top a Trillion,” Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, July 17, 2013, а також Blake Ellis, “Average Student Loan Debt: $29,400,” CNN Money, December 5, 2013, http://money.cnn.com/2013/12/04/pf/college/student-loan-debt/.
17. Цю інформацію про відсоток випускників надано Національним центром освітньої статистики (National Center of Education Statistics), http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=40.
18. Selingo, College Unbound, p. 27.
19. Senior Administrators Now Officially Outnumber Faculty at the UC” (Reclaim UC blog), September 19, 2011, http://reclaimuc.blogspot.com/2011/09/senior-administrators-now-officially.html.
20. Selingo, College Unbound, p. 28.
21. Там само.
22. Інтерв’ю Клейтона Крістенсена з Марком Шустером під час конференції Startup Grind 2013, яку можна знайти в YouTube за адресою http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYVdf5xyD8I.
23. William G. Bowen, Matthew M. Chingos, Kelly A. Lack, and Thomas I. Nygren, “Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials,” Ithaka S+R Research Publication, May 22, 2012, http://www.sr.ithaka.org/research-publications/interactive-learning-online-public-universities-evidence-randomized-trials.
Розділ 6
1. Про ці два випадки кобальтового отруєння повідомлялося в матеріалі Gina Kolata, “As Seen on TV, a Medical Mystery Involving Hip Implants Is Solved,” New York Times, February 6, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/07/health/house-plays-a-role-in-solving-a-medical-mystery.html.
2. Catherine Rampell, “U.S. Health Spending Breaks from the Pack,” New York Times (Economix blog), July 8, 2009, http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/08/us-health-spending-breaks-from-the-pack/.
3. Веб-сайт компанії ІВМ, http://www-03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/watson_in_healthcare.shtml.
4. Spencer E. Ante, “IBM Struggles to Turn Watson Computer into Big Business,” Wall Street Journal, January 7, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304887104579306881917668654.
5. Доктор Кортні ді Наро, цитату наведено з роботи Laura Nathan-Garner, “The Future of Cancer Treatment and Research: What IBM Watson Means for Our Patients,” MD Anderson—Cancerwise, November 12, 2013, http://www2.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/2013/11/the-future-of-cancer-treatment-and-research-what-ibm-watson-means-for-patients.html.
6. Прес-реліз клініки Майо, “Artificial Intelligence Helps Diagnose Cardiac Infections,” September
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