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7. National Research Council, Preventing Medication Errors: Quality Chasm Series (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2007), p. 47.
8. National Research Council, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2000), p. 1.
9. Бюлетень новин Національної академії, National Academies News Release: “Medication Errors Injure 1.5 Million People and Cost Billions of Dollars Annually,” July 20, 2006, http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=11623.
10. Martin Ford, “Dr. Watson: How IBM’s Supercomputer Could Improve Health Care,” Washington Post, September 16, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/dr-watson-how-ibms-supercomputer-could-improve-health-care/2011/09/14/gIQAOZQzXK_story.html.
11. Roger Stark, “The Looming Doctor Shortage,” Washington Policy Center, November 2011, http://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/notes/looming-doctor-shortage.
12. Marijke Vroomen Durning, “Automated Breast Ultrasound Far Faster Than Hand-Held,” Diagnostic Imaging, May 3, 2012, http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/articles/automated-breast-ultrasound-far-faster-hand-held.
13. Про метод «подвійного прочитання» в радіології дивіться Farhad Manjoo, “Why the Highest-Paid Doctors Are the Most Vulnerable to Automation,” Slate, September 27, 2011, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/robot_invasion/2011/09/will_robots_steal_your_job_3.html; I. Anttinen, M. Pamilo, M. Soiva, and M. Roiha, “Double Reading of Mammography Screening Films — One Radiologist or Two?,” Clinical Radiology 48, no. 6 (December 1993): 414–421, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8293648?report=abstract; а також Fiona J. Gilbert et al., “Single Reading with Computer-Aided Detection for Screening Mammography,” New England Journal of Medicine, October 16, 2008, http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa0803545.
14. Manjoo, “Why the Highest-Paid Doctors Are the Most Vulnerable to Automation.”
15. Rachael King, “Soon, That Nearby Worker Might Be a Robot,” Bloomberg Businessweek, June 2, 2010, http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2010–06–02/soon-that-nearby-worker-might-be-a-robotbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice.
16. Прес-реліз компанії GE Corporate, “GE to Develop Robotic-Enabled Intelligent System Which Could Save Patients Lives and Hospitals Millions,” January 30, 2013, http://www.genewscenter.com/Press-Releases/GE-to-Develop-Robotic-enabled-Intelligent-System-Which-Could-Save-Patients-Lives-and-Hospitals-Millions-3dc2.aspx.
17. Веб-сайт I-Sur, http://www.isur.eu/isur/.
18. Статистику старіння в США можна знайти на веб-сайті Міністерства охорони здоров’я та соціального забезпечення (Department of Health and Human Services), http://www.aoa.gov/Aging_Statistics/.
19. Статистику старіння в Японії дивіться в статті “Difference Engine: The Caring Robot,” The Economist, May 14, 2014, http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2013/05/automation-elderly.
20. Там само.
21. “Robotic Exoskeleton Gets Safety Green Light,” Discovery News, February 27, 2013, http://news.discovery.com/tech/robotics/robotic-exoskeleton-gets-safety-green-light-130227.htm.
22. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, http://www.bls.gov/ooh/most-new-jobs.htm.
23. Heidi Shierholz, “Six Years from Its Beginning, the Great Recession’s Shadow Looms over the Labor Market,” Economic Policy Institute, January 9, 2014, http://www.epi.org/publication/years-beginning-great-recessions-shadow/.
24. Steven Brill, “Bitter Pill: How Outrageous and Egregious Profits Are Destroying Our Health Care,” Time, March 4, 2013.
25. Elisabeth Rosenthal, “As Hospital Prices Soar, a Stitch Tops $500,” New York Times, December 2, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/03/health/as-hospital-costs-soar-single-stitch-tops-500.html.
26. Kenneth J. Arrow, “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care,” American Economic Review, December 1963, http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/2/PHCBP.pdf.
27. “The Concentration of Health Care Spending: NIHCM Foundation Data Brief July 2012,” National Institute for Health Care Management, July 2012, http://nihcm.org/images/stories/DataBrief3_Final.pdf.
28. Brill, “Bitter Pill.”
29. Jenny Gold, “Proton Beam Therapy Heats Up Hospital Arms Race,” Kaiser Health News, May 2013, http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/stories/2013/may/31/proton-beam-therapy-washington-dc-health-costs.aspx.
30. James B. Yu, Pamela R. Soulos, Jeph Herrin, Laura D. Cramer, Arnold L. Potosky, Kenneth B. Roberts, and Cary P. Gross, “Proton Versus Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Patterns of Care and Early Toxicity,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 105, no. 1 (January 2, 2013), http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/105/1.toc.
31. Gold, “Proton Beam Therapy Heats Up Hospital Arms Race.”
32. Sarah Kliff, “Maryland’s Plan to Upend Health Care Spending,” Washington Post (Wonkblog), January 10, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/01/10/ %253Fp %253D74854/.
33. “Underpayment by Medicare and Medicaid Fact Sheet,” American Hospital Association, December 2010, http://www.aha.org/content/00–10/10medunderpayment.pdf.
34. Ed Silverman, “Increased Abandonment of Prescriptions Means Less Control of Chronic Conditions,” Managed Care, June 2010, http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/1006/1006.abandon.html.
35. Dean Baker, “Financing Drug Research: What Are the Issues?,” Center for Economic and Policy Research, September 2004, http://www.cepr.net/index.php/Publications/Reports/financing-drug-research-what-are-the-issues.
36. Matthew Perrone, “Scooter Ads Face Scrutiny from Gov’t, Doctors,” Associated Press, March 28, 2013, http://news.yahoo.com/scooter-ads-face-scrutiny-govt-doctors-141816931—finance.html.
37. Farhad Manjoo, “My Father the Pharmacist vs. a Gigantic Pill-Packing Machine,” Slate, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/robot_invasion/2011/09/will_robots_steal_your_job_2.html.
38. Daniel L. Brown, “A Looming Joblessness Crisis for New Pharmacy Graduates and the Implications It Holds for the Academy,” American Journal of Pharmacy Education 77, no. 5 (June 13, 2012): 90, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3687123/.
Розділ 7
1. Веб-сайт компанії GE, https://www.ge.com/stories/additive-manufacturing.
2. Бюлетень новин компанії American Airlines: “American Becomes the First Major Commercial Carrier to Deploy Electronic Flight Bags Throughout Fleet and Discontinue Paper Revisions,” June 24, 2013, http://hub.aa.com/en/nr/pressrelease/american-airlines-completes-electronic-flight-bag-implementation.
3. Tim Catts, “GE Turns to 3D Printers for Plane Parts,” Bloomberg Businessweek, November 27, 2013, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013–11–27/general-electric-turns-to-3d-printers-for-plane-parts.
4. Lucas Mearian, “The First 3D Printed Organ—a
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